Islam and Islamism have become central in public discussions for the last twenty years. These subjects have divided the Radical Left and led to very strange political alliances. Instead of developing an independent point of view, most groups have hastily adopted either a nationalist-republican position either a third-worldist position very favourable to religion. They did not develop the materialist-atheist tradition which was essential at the beginning of the workers’ movement. Several articles of this book deal with problems linked to these questions.